Strokovno-znanstvena razprava o domorodnosti alpskega kozoroga v Sloveniji
Prof. dr. Elena Bužan in prof. dr. Boštjan Pokorny sta s soavtorji v Gozdarskem vestniku objavila strokovni članek z naslovom O domorodnosti alpskega kozoroga v Sloveniji. Prispevek, ki vključuje znanja z različnih področij, potrjuje prisotnost vrste v Sloveniji v holocenu in s tem zagotavlja ključno izhodišče za prepoznavanje domorodnosti vrste pri nas.
| Alpski kozorog (Capra ibex) je alpski endemit. Na območju Slovenije naj bi bila vrsta iztrebljena v drugi polovici 17. stoletja, globalno pa je bila konec 19. stoletja na robu izumrtja. Preživela je le populacija na območju narodnega parka Gran Paradiso na skrajnem zahodu Alp v Italiji. Zaradi ponovnih naselitev in drugih varstvenih programov sedaj alpski kozorog živi v celotnih Alpah, vključno s Slovenijo, kjer pa je vrsta (za razliko od drugih držav alpskega loka) trenutno prepoznana kot tujerodna. Tudi zato populacije v Sloveniji nazadujejo in so v zelo slabem stanju. Malo izvornih osebkov ob naselitvah, zgodovinska ozka grla in ločenost kolonij so zelo verjetno povzročili parjenje v ožjem sorodstvu, kar je zmanjševalo genetsko pestrost in posledično vplivalo na viabilnost populacij. Za dolgoročno ohranitev alpskega kozoroga v Sloveniji so nujni takojšnji aktivni ohranitveni ukrepi, pogoj pa je ustrezna opredelitev izvornosti vrste. V prispevku raziskovalci na podlagi arheozooloških, genetskih in preliminarnih habitatnih analiz utemeljujejo, da je v slovenskih Alpah kozorog domorodna vrsta, ki je živela na ozemlju zdajšnje Slovenije v poznoantičnem in zgodnjem srednjeveškem obdobju. |
Expert-scientific discussion on the indigenous status of the Alpine ibex in Slovenia
Prof. Dr. Elena Bužan and Prof. Dr. Boštjan Pokorny and their co-authors have published a scientific paper in Gozdarski vestnik entitled Alpine ibex in Slovenia. The paper, which integrates knowledge from various fields, confirms the presence of the species in Slovenia in the Holocene and thus provides a key starting point for the identification of the species’ native status in Slovenia.
| The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) is an Alpine endemic. The species was thought to have been extinct in Slovenia in the second half of the 17th century, but globally it was on the verge of extinction at the end of the 19th century. The only surviving population is in the Gran Paradiso National Park in the far west of the Alps in Italy. Thanks to reintroductions and other conservation programmes, the Alpine ibex is now found throughout the Alps, including Slovenia, where (unlike in other countries of the Alpine arc) the species is currently recognised as non-native. This is also why populations in Slovenia are declining and in a very poor state. The low number of original individuals at settlement, historical bottlenecks and the separation of colonies have most probably led to inbreeding, which has reduced genetic diversity and consequently affected the viability of populations. For the long-term conservation of the Alpine ibex in Slovenia, immediate active conservation measures are necessary, and the proper identification of the species’ origin is a prerequisite. In this paper, the researchers provide evidence, based on archaeozoological, genetic and preliminary habitat analyses, that the ibex in the Slovenian Alps is a native species that lived on the territory of what is now Slovenia in the Late Antique and Early Medieval periods. |